This can make a big difference to the household budget, so it's to your advantage to keep your credit score as low as possible.

The 3 major credit bureaus, Experian, Equifax and Trans Union are similar and feature a "Credit Score", which is derived from credit report information submitted to them about you.

Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, a credit scoring system may not use characteristics such as race, sex, marital status, national origin or religion as factors, though they are allowed to use age.

Credit scores are determined by your bill-paying history, the number and type of accounts you have, late payments, collection actions, and outstanding debt.

The total number of points reflects how likely you are, statistically-speaking, to pay back a loan. If you are denied credit, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act forces the creditor to tell you the specific reasons your loan application was denied if you ask within 60 days.

Acceptable reasons include high balances on charge cards, or bad employment history. Unacceptable reasons include vague excuses such as "You didn't meet our minimum standards."

Sometimes you can be denied credit because of information on a credit report. The Fair Credit Reporting Act requires the creditor to give you the contact information of the credit report agency supplying the information.

The credit reporting agency can give you the information on your report, but only the lender can tell you why this led to your application being refused.

However your credit report may include inaccurate or incomplete information (credit records). Identity theft is a growing problem, and can take up to a year to resolve. Nearly 10 million people fall victim to identity theft each year, costing consumers $5 billion and businesses $48 billion, according to the Federal Trade Commission.

In this situation you have to send letters to every one of the credit bureaus. Also learn your credit rights by familiarizing yourself with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FRCA).

The FCRA gives you the right to dispute inaccuracies and omissions, and it requires credit bureaus to investigate your complaint (generally in thirty days), send you a prompt response and correct any errors.